Hormones are organic compounds secreted by specific cells that control the functions of other cells receptive to those hormone molecules.
The following is a description of several hormones and their benefits and effects on the body and the mind
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE ANALOGS
AKA: ACTH.
Effects: A class of neuropeptides currently under study for their brain-boosting effects. Pearson and Shaw cite ACTH 4-10, a polypeptide composed of seven amino acids, as one that has been shown to enhance learning.
Effects: A class of neuropeptides currently under study for their brain-boosting effects. Pearson and Shaw cite ACTH 4-10, a polypeptide composed of seven amino acids, as one that has been shown to enhance learning.
ANDROSTENEDIONE
AKA: A-Dione. A natural hormone produced by the adrenal glands, production of which is believed to decline with age. Though DHEA can be converted to A-Dione, the latter appears to be much more powerful, converting more rapidly to testosterone than DHEA. It received much publicity in 1998 when it was revealed that the St. Louis Cardinals' home run king, Mark McGwire, used it to enhance his athletic performance.
Effects: It is said to increase energy and restore sexual drive — particularly in older individuals — increase muscle and bone mass, and enhance mood in those with depression. It can be depleted by stress, alcohol, and obesity.
Precautions: Possible side effects include prostate cancer and enlargement, baldness, and breast cancer. High doses (above 10 mg) may cause irritability, aggressiveness, and anxiety. In women taking estrogen, it may boost the estrogen to dangerous levels. Little is known about this hormone, and much more research is needed to uncover any additional side effects. A recent study has found that it has no effect on testosterone levels in the blood or muscular strength in men.
Dosage: It may not be needed by those under age 45. For men, 10 to 50 mg in the morning may be sufficient for energy and mood enhancement; it should be taken no more than two or three times a week, as it may result in the body's reducing or halting its own testosterone production. The risks for younger men include infertility, gynecomastia (breast growth), and testicular atrophy. For women, a dose of 5 to 25 mg two days a week may be sufficient, as women appear more responsive to the hormone than men. The risks for younger women include fertility problems, menstrual irregularities, facial hair, acne, and abnormal bleeding. It should be taken only under the guidance of a physician, and those taking it should start out at a low dosage. Ray Sahelian, M.D., considers any dose over 10 mg to be too high.
AKA: A-Dione. A natural hormone produced by the adrenal glands, production of which is believed to decline with age. Though DHEA can be converted to A-Dione, the latter appears to be much more powerful, converting more rapidly to testosterone than DHEA. It received much publicity in 1998 when it was revealed that the St. Louis Cardinals' home run king, Mark McGwire, used it to enhance his athletic performance.
Effects: It is said to increase energy and restore sexual drive — particularly in older individuals — increase muscle and bone mass, and enhance mood in those with depression. It can be depleted by stress, alcohol, and obesity.
Precautions: Possible side effects include prostate cancer and enlargement, baldness, and breast cancer. High doses (above 10 mg) may cause irritability, aggressiveness, and anxiety. In women taking estrogen, it may boost the estrogen to dangerous levels. Little is known about this hormone, and much more research is needed to uncover any additional side effects. A recent study has found that it has no effect on testosterone levels in the blood or muscular strength in men.
Dosage: It may not be needed by those under age 45. For men, 10 to 50 mg in the morning may be sufficient for energy and mood enhancement; it should be taken no more than two or three times a week, as it may result in the body's reducing or halting its own testosterone production. The risks for younger men include infertility, gynecomastia (breast growth), and testicular atrophy. For women, a dose of 5 to 25 mg two days a week may be sufficient, as women appear more responsive to the hormone than men. The risks for younger women include fertility problems, menstrual irregularities, facial hair, acne, and abnormal bleeding. It should be taken only under the guidance of a physician, and those taking it should start out at a low dosage. Ray Sahelian, M.D., considers any dose over 10 mg to be too high.
CHOLECYSTOKININ-8
AKA: CCK-8.
A neuropeptide currently under study for its brain-boosting effects.
A neuropeptide currently under study for its brain-boosting effects.
DHEA
AKA: Astenile, Deandros, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), dehydroisoandrosterone, Diandron, Prasterone, Psicosterone, transdehydroandrosterone. A steroid manufactured in the adrenal gland that is similar to testosterone and is a precursor to all steroid hormones in the body, including testosterone and estrogen. It is found in the bloodstream in greater amounts than any other steroid, and exists in normal brain tissue in amounts six and one-half times greater than in other parts of the body. It is found at its highest levels in the body between ages 20 to 25; after that, its production declines steadily. Those with Alzheimer's have levels lower than healthy individuals of similar age. Individuals under 40 should have their levels checked first, as they may not need supplementation.
Food Sources: Mexican wild yam.
Effects: Improves physical and mental health, as well as memory and thinking, by keeping the level of cortisol low and by helping neurons grow new dendrites. Its advocates believe it useful for those struggling with obesity, depression, arthritis, diabetes, osteoporosis, hypertension, viral and bacterial infections, cancer, and heart disease. It may increase the regeneration of body tissue and accelerate healing by encouraging the growth of the protein collagen. Levels of this hormone in the body decrease with age (by as much as 95 percent), so taking it may protect brain cells against mental deterioration such as Alzheimer's and senility, may increase mental abilities in those with normal capabilities, and may even extend life (it has been shown to extend the life span of animals by as much as 50 percent and, in humans, the amount of DHEA in the body has been found to bear an inverse correlation with mortality levels). It has been used to treat epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, angina, diabetes, ulcers, alcohol and drug withdrawal, pain, cardiac arrhythmias, PMS, menopause, osteoporosis, arthritis, heart disease, fatigue, memory loss, autoimmune diseases, sexual problems, cryptosporidium infection, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Additionally, DHEA has been administered to those battling such disorders as depression, compulsive eating, moodiness, violent behavior, chronic anger, irritability, fear, impulsiveness, hostility, insomnia, impatience, agitation, worry, anxiety, and pessimism. Its use against such a wide range of disorders maybe attributable to its ability to normalize and promote electrical activity in the body and brain in several ways. Serum DHEA levels can be increased by taking supplements of chromium, and decreased by stress. Nonsupplementation methods of increasing DHEA are simple and basic: exercise regularly, avoid smoking, avoid alcohol, avoid synthetic steroid hormones, avoid stress, get plenty of sleep, maintain ideal body weight, and reduce the percentage of fat in the body. It works synergistically with vitamin E. According to author Michael Hutchinson, it has also shown some success in treating AIDS, though the drug company involved is keeping silent until it can develop a variant that is patentable.
Precautions: Men with prostate problems should not take DHEA. For others, it is recommended that it be taken only under the guidance of a physician, and then only after having tests to determine the levels in the body and whether the liver is functioning properly. Side effects include acne (regardless of a person's age), anxiety, a sense of tightness in the chest, night restlessness, hair loss, voice changes, fatigue, oily skin, high blood pressure, diabetes, strokes, irritability and mood changes, overstimulation, aggressiveness, headaches, insomnia, heart palpitations, and heart irregularities, some of which are irreversible. Women may experience a slight increase in body hair and a deepening of the voice at dosages greater than 25 mg a day, and DHEA may carry the same risks as testosterone, such as the promotion of the growth of prostate cancer in men and breast and uterine cancers in women. Though stress may cause the body to decrease its production of DHEA and increase its production of cortisol, taking a DHEA pill cannot repair the damage to the body caused by stress. High doses (above 10 mg) may cause irritability, aggressiveness, and anxiety. Because sufficient research has not yet been done, use is experimental, and nothing is known about long-term effects, though epileptics have been taking it for nearly half a century. In tests where lab rats were given doses equal to dozens of times that normally taken by people, it has caused liver damage leading to the formation of tumors. It is not known if this same effect occurs in humans, but further tests with rat have shown that vitamin E can offset this damage. Some researchers state that there is insufficient evidence to conclude that it has any beneficial effect on aging or any diseases (most studies have been short-term and involved a dozen people or fewer); any reports of people feeling better physically or mentally (especially with regard to sexual drive) are purely anecdotal. Over-the-counter brands are unregulated by the FDA, and their ingredients and purity may be questionable. Oral DHEA may be at least partially destroyed by the liver, making supplementation questionable. It is also possible that the increased energy levels felt by those taking it may be only short-term. Caffeine can lower DHEA levels and raise cortisol levels, increasing stress to the body and decreasing the individual's panic threshold. It may cause harmful interactions if used in conjunction with aspirin or blood thinners, stimulants (including herbal stimulants), and thyroid medications; it may also interact with such anti-depressants as Prozac and Zoloft. Those on estrogen replacement therapy may have to adjust their dosage of DHEA accordingly, because the estrogen may induce a deficiency of DHEA. Too much insulin can also lower levels of this hormone.
Dosage: For humans, the optimal dosage is as yet not known, though usage has ranged anywhere from 50 to 2000 mg/day. For general health, some recommend a more modest dose of 19 mg/day for women, 31 mg/day for men. Most supplements are 25 mg. Michael Hutchinson recommends 100 to 300 mg/day (in two or three divided doses) for life-extending and cognitive-enhancing purposes, about half the dose normally taken by epileptics. However, one expert, Dr. Ray Sahelian, recommends starting out at 5 to 10 mg/day, and increasing the dosage by 5 mg/day until reaching the optimum daily dosage (which may be as little as 25 mg/day for women, 40 mg/day for men). He also recommends that users take only DHEA or DHEAS and avoid any product sold as a precursor to DHEA. Stephen Cherniske, M.S., also cautions against using any supplement that contains additional ingredients such as ephedra or yohimbe.
AKA: Astenile, Deandros, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), dehydroisoandrosterone, Diandron, Prasterone, Psicosterone, transdehydroandrosterone. A steroid manufactured in the adrenal gland that is similar to testosterone and is a precursor to all steroid hormones in the body, including testosterone and estrogen. It is found in the bloodstream in greater amounts than any other steroid, and exists in normal brain tissue in amounts six and one-half times greater than in other parts of the body. It is found at its highest levels in the body between ages 20 to 25; after that, its production declines steadily. Those with Alzheimer's have levels lower than healthy individuals of similar age. Individuals under 40 should have their levels checked first, as they may not need supplementation.
Food Sources: Mexican wild yam.
Effects: Improves physical and mental health, as well as memory and thinking, by keeping the level of cortisol low and by helping neurons grow new dendrites. Its advocates believe it useful for those struggling with obesity, depression, arthritis, diabetes, osteoporosis, hypertension, viral and bacterial infections, cancer, and heart disease. It may increase the regeneration of body tissue and accelerate healing by encouraging the growth of the protein collagen. Levels of this hormone in the body decrease with age (by as much as 95 percent), so taking it may protect brain cells against mental deterioration such as Alzheimer's and senility, may increase mental abilities in those with normal capabilities, and may even extend life (it has been shown to extend the life span of animals by as much as 50 percent and, in humans, the amount of DHEA in the body has been found to bear an inverse correlation with mortality levels). It has been used to treat epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, angina, diabetes, ulcers, alcohol and drug withdrawal, pain, cardiac arrhythmias, PMS, menopause, osteoporosis, arthritis, heart disease, fatigue, memory loss, autoimmune diseases, sexual problems, cryptosporidium infection, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Additionally, DHEA has been administered to those battling such disorders as depression, compulsive eating, moodiness, violent behavior, chronic anger, irritability, fear, impulsiveness, hostility, insomnia, impatience, agitation, worry, anxiety, and pessimism. Its use against such a wide range of disorders maybe attributable to its ability to normalize and promote electrical activity in the body and brain in several ways. Serum DHEA levels can be increased by taking supplements of chromium, and decreased by stress. Nonsupplementation methods of increasing DHEA are simple and basic: exercise regularly, avoid smoking, avoid alcohol, avoid synthetic steroid hormones, avoid stress, get plenty of sleep, maintain ideal body weight, and reduce the percentage of fat in the body. It works synergistically with vitamin E. According to author Michael Hutchinson, it has also shown some success in treating AIDS, though the drug company involved is keeping silent until it can develop a variant that is patentable.
Precautions: Men with prostate problems should not take DHEA. For others, it is recommended that it be taken only under the guidance of a physician, and then only after having tests to determine the levels in the body and whether the liver is functioning properly. Side effects include acne (regardless of a person's age), anxiety, a sense of tightness in the chest, night restlessness, hair loss, voice changes, fatigue, oily skin, high blood pressure, diabetes, strokes, irritability and mood changes, overstimulation, aggressiveness, headaches, insomnia, heart palpitations, and heart irregularities, some of which are irreversible. Women may experience a slight increase in body hair and a deepening of the voice at dosages greater than 25 mg a day, and DHEA may carry the same risks as testosterone, such as the promotion of the growth of prostate cancer in men and breast and uterine cancers in women. Though stress may cause the body to decrease its production of DHEA and increase its production of cortisol, taking a DHEA pill cannot repair the damage to the body caused by stress. High doses (above 10 mg) may cause irritability, aggressiveness, and anxiety. Because sufficient research has not yet been done, use is experimental, and nothing is known about long-term effects, though epileptics have been taking it for nearly half a century. In tests where lab rats were given doses equal to dozens of times that normally taken by people, it has caused liver damage leading to the formation of tumors. It is not known if this same effect occurs in humans, but further tests with rat have shown that vitamin E can offset this damage. Some researchers state that there is insufficient evidence to conclude that it has any beneficial effect on aging or any diseases (most studies have been short-term and involved a dozen people or fewer); any reports of people feeling better physically or mentally (especially with regard to sexual drive) are purely anecdotal. Over-the-counter brands are unregulated by the FDA, and their ingredients and purity may be questionable. Oral DHEA may be at least partially destroyed by the liver, making supplementation questionable. It is also possible that the increased energy levels felt by those taking it may be only short-term. Caffeine can lower DHEA levels and raise cortisol levels, increasing stress to the body and decreasing the individual's panic threshold. It may cause harmful interactions if used in conjunction with aspirin or blood thinners, stimulants (including herbal stimulants), and thyroid medications; it may also interact with such anti-depressants as Prozac and Zoloft. Those on estrogen replacement therapy may have to adjust their dosage of DHEA accordingly, because the estrogen may induce a deficiency of DHEA. Too much insulin can also lower levels of this hormone.
Dosage: For humans, the optimal dosage is as yet not known, though usage has ranged anywhere from 50 to 2000 mg/day. For general health, some recommend a more modest dose of 19 mg/day for women, 31 mg/day for men. Most supplements are 25 mg. Michael Hutchinson recommends 100 to 300 mg/day (in two or three divided doses) for life-extending and cognitive-enhancing purposes, about half the dose normally taken by epileptics. However, one expert, Dr. Ray Sahelian, recommends starting out at 5 to 10 mg/day, and increasing the dosage by 5 mg/day until reaching the optimum daily dosage (which may be as little as 25 mg/day for women, 40 mg/day for men). He also recommends that users take only DHEA or DHEAS and avoid any product sold as a precursor to DHEA. Stephen Cherniske, M.S., also cautions against using any supplement that contains additional ingredients such as ephedra or yohimbe.
ESTROGEN
One of the six steroid hormones in the body.
Food Sources: Alfalfa sprouts, chickpeas, flaxseed, rye, soybeans, yams. Certain herbs such as blue cohosh, dong quai, hops, and licorice have estrogen-like properties, but may not have the same effects.
Effects: Can improve the mood of postmenopausal women, protect against osteoporosis (bone loss), and maintain the health of the heart. It may also relieve or even prevent the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women, particularly those of attention and memory loss, apparently by encouraging the growth of brain cells and the connections between them. It may even protect women's brains from damage caused by strokes. In combination with cholesterol-lowering drugs, it can reduce inflammation and clotting of the blood, both of which could otherwise lead to heart attacks and strokes. Men also produce estrogen, which is needed to keep sperm strong and fertile.
Precautions: It should not be taken by anyone who is allergic to any drugs containing estrogen, anyone with impaired liver function or unexplained vaginal bleeding, anyone who smokes, or anyone who has had blood clots, a stroke, or a heart attack. Those who have had cancer of the breast or reproductive organs, fibrocystic breast disease, fibroid tumors of the uterus or endometriosis, migraine headaches, epilepsy, porphyria, diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma, congestive heart failure, kidney disease, gallstones, or are over age 60 should consult a physician first. It may cause an increased sensitivity to sunlight and sunlamps and, in rare cases, a blood clot in the lung, brain, or leg. Recent research has shown that older women with cardiac conditions risk a much greater chance of heart attacks and blood clots in the first year of estrogen treatment but, oddly enough, these risks dropped dramatically after four years of treatment. Women on estrogen are also given the hormone progestin, as the latter prevents the cancer and uterine tumors in postmenopausal women that sometimes develop from estrogen therapy. It may deplete the levels of vitamins B6, E, folic acid, and DHEA in the body. Common side effects include stomach cramps, appetite loss, nausea, diarrhea, swollen feet and ankles, weight changes, water retention, vomiting, tender swollen breasts, acne, loss of tolerance to contact lenses, and a change in menstruation. Less frequent side effects consist of rash, stomach or side pains, bloody skin blisters, breast lumps, depression, dizziness, migraine headaches, irritability, bleeding gums, menstrual irregularities, PMS, mild diarrhea, jaundice, growth of uterine fibroids, brown blotches on the skin, hair loss, vaginal discharge or bleeding, and changes in sex drive. Rare symptoms include stroke, the formation of blood clots, involuntary incontinence, loss of coordination, chest pains, leg pains, breathing difficulties, slurred speech, vision changes, hypercalcemia in breast cancer, and involuntary movements. Profuse bleeding could be life-threatening. Overdose symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fluid retention, breast enlargement and discomfort, and excessive vaginal bleeding. The effects of estrogen can be lessened by hydantoin anticonvulsants, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, primidone, Phenytoin, Ethotoin, Mephenytoin, barbiturates, and rifampin; it can be enhanced by meprobamate, alcohol, and vitamin C. Estrogen can lessen the effects of oral anticoagulants, Bromocriptine, clofibrate, dextrothyroxine, guanfacine (antihypertensive effects only), insulin, tamoxifen, terazosin, thyroid hormones, and ursodiol. It can increase the toxicity of tricyclic antidepressants and Phenothiazine tranquilizers, increase the amount of Cyclosporine and adrenal corticosteroid drugs in the blood, increase the amount of calcium absorbed in the stomach, increase the chance of liver damage from other drugs, cause unpredictable changes in blood sugar when combined with oral antidiabetics, increase the chance of blood clots when combined with antifibrinolytic agents, and increase the risk of pancreatitis when combined with didanosine. Menstrual irregularities and bleeding between periods may occur when combined with marijuana, and blood clots leading to stroke or heart attack may result when combined with tobacco. It should not be taken with grapefruit juice, birth control pills, or hormone replacement drugs.
One of the six steroid hormones in the body.
Food Sources: Alfalfa sprouts, chickpeas, flaxseed, rye, soybeans, yams. Certain herbs such as blue cohosh, dong quai, hops, and licorice have estrogen-like properties, but may not have the same effects.
Effects: Can improve the mood of postmenopausal women, protect against osteoporosis (bone loss), and maintain the health of the heart. It may also relieve or even prevent the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women, particularly those of attention and memory loss, apparently by encouraging the growth of brain cells and the connections between them. It may even protect women's brains from damage caused by strokes. In combination with cholesterol-lowering drugs, it can reduce inflammation and clotting of the blood, both of which could otherwise lead to heart attacks and strokes. Men also produce estrogen, which is needed to keep sperm strong and fertile.
Precautions: It should not be taken by anyone who is allergic to any drugs containing estrogen, anyone with impaired liver function or unexplained vaginal bleeding, anyone who smokes, or anyone who has had blood clots, a stroke, or a heart attack. Those who have had cancer of the breast or reproductive organs, fibrocystic breast disease, fibroid tumors of the uterus or endometriosis, migraine headaches, epilepsy, porphyria, diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma, congestive heart failure, kidney disease, gallstones, or are over age 60 should consult a physician first. It may cause an increased sensitivity to sunlight and sunlamps and, in rare cases, a blood clot in the lung, brain, or leg. Recent research has shown that older women with cardiac conditions risk a much greater chance of heart attacks and blood clots in the first year of estrogen treatment but, oddly enough, these risks dropped dramatically after four years of treatment. Women on estrogen are also given the hormone progestin, as the latter prevents the cancer and uterine tumors in postmenopausal women that sometimes develop from estrogen therapy. It may deplete the levels of vitamins B6, E, folic acid, and DHEA in the body. Common side effects include stomach cramps, appetite loss, nausea, diarrhea, swollen feet and ankles, weight changes, water retention, vomiting, tender swollen breasts, acne, loss of tolerance to contact lenses, and a change in menstruation. Less frequent side effects consist of rash, stomach or side pains, bloody skin blisters, breast lumps, depression, dizziness, migraine headaches, irritability, bleeding gums, menstrual irregularities, PMS, mild diarrhea, jaundice, growth of uterine fibroids, brown blotches on the skin, hair loss, vaginal discharge or bleeding, and changes in sex drive. Rare symptoms include stroke, the formation of blood clots, involuntary incontinence, loss of coordination, chest pains, leg pains, breathing difficulties, slurred speech, vision changes, hypercalcemia in breast cancer, and involuntary movements. Profuse bleeding could be life-threatening. Overdose symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fluid retention, breast enlargement and discomfort, and excessive vaginal bleeding. The effects of estrogen can be lessened by hydantoin anticonvulsants, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, primidone, Phenytoin, Ethotoin, Mephenytoin, barbiturates, and rifampin; it can be enhanced by meprobamate, alcohol, and vitamin C. Estrogen can lessen the effects of oral anticoagulants, Bromocriptine, clofibrate, dextrothyroxine, guanfacine (antihypertensive effects only), insulin, tamoxifen, terazosin, thyroid hormones, and ursodiol. It can increase the toxicity of tricyclic antidepressants and Phenothiazine tranquilizers, increase the amount of Cyclosporine and adrenal corticosteroid drugs in the blood, increase the amount of calcium absorbed in the stomach, increase the chance of liver damage from other drugs, cause unpredictable changes in blood sugar when combined with oral antidiabetics, increase the chance of blood clots when combined with antifibrinolytic agents, and increase the risk of pancreatitis when combined with didanosine. Menstrual irregularities and bleeding between periods may occur when combined with marijuana, and blood clots leading to stroke or heart attack may result when combined with tobacco. It should not be taken with grapefruit juice, birth control pills, or hormone replacement drugs.
GABA
AKA: GABA Calm, GABA Plus, Gabatol, gamma aminobutyric acid. A neurotransmitter and central nervous system depressant.
Effects: It metabolizes to produce GHB in the brain, reducing anxiety and inducing relaxation and sleep by regulating the firing of nerve cells and countering the excitatory effects of acetylcholine, noradrenaline, and other neurotransmitters.
Precautions: One Chinese study indicates that increased levels of GABA in the brain are not conducive to learning and memory. It should not be combined with other drugs, especially alcohol and other depressants.
Dosage: Mark Mayell recommends 500 to 750 mg to reduce anxiety, and 750 to 1500 mg an hour before bedtime for insomnia. Its effects may be enhanced by taking it with 25 to 50 mg each of vitamin B-3 and B-6.
AKA: GABA Calm, GABA Plus, Gabatol, gamma aminobutyric acid. A neurotransmitter and central nervous system depressant.
Effects: It metabolizes to produce GHB in the brain, reducing anxiety and inducing relaxation and sleep by regulating the firing of nerve cells and countering the excitatory effects of acetylcholine, noradrenaline, and other neurotransmitters.
Precautions: One Chinese study indicates that increased levels of GABA in the brain are not conducive to learning and memory. It should not be combined with other drugs, especially alcohol and other depressants.
Dosage: Mark Mayell recommends 500 to 750 mg to reduce anxiety, and 750 to 1500 mg an hour before bedtime for insomnia. Its effects may be enhanced by taking it with 25 to 50 mg each of vitamin B-3 and B-6.
HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE
AKA: Growth hormone, HGH, Humatrope, somatotrophin (STH). Manufactured in the pituitary gland, it appears to be the main hormone associated with aging. It begins to decline about 14 percent each decade starting at about age 20, bringing about sagging skin, pot bellies, loss of vitality, and other symptoms of old age. It is used as a treatment for adults with deficiencies resulting from pituitary disease, hypothalmic disease, surgery, radiation therapy, and injury.
Effects: Higher energy levels, elevated mood, improved memory, enhanced sleep, increased muscle mass (up to 8.8 percent after six months), enhanced sexual performance, regrowth of vital organs, restoration of immune function, stronger bones, lower blood pressure, faster healing of wounds, smoother skin, regrowth of hair, sharper vision, and a reduction in fat (14.4 percent after six months). It may also extend the human life span.
Precautions: It should only be taken under the guidance of a physician, as side effects are still not known. Taking HGH when it is not needed may train the pituitary gland to release less and less of it. Some research does not confirm its supposed benefits; side effects may include carpal tunnel syndrome, hypertension, and gigantism. The use of synthetic growth hormone has been associated with heart disease and the production of antigrowth hormone antibodies. Human growth hormone may be expensive and difficult to obtain, and synthetic growth hormone has only 10 percent of the effectiveness of the natural form. Most animal growth hormone is virtually ineffective.
Dosage: Not yet established, but clinical trials have shown that a single daily dose of 25 mg raised the hormone to optimum levels for subjects aged 64 to 81. High levels can be maintained by aerobic exercise (especially if separated from eating and sleeping by at least two hours), maintaining ideal body weight, avoiding eating before exercise, eating foods that have a high arginine-tolysine ratio (e. g., peanuts, nuts, seeds, whole grains, carob, raisins), taking tryptophan supplements (banned since 1989 because some improperly manufactured supplements caused harm to some users), maintaining stable blood sugar and insulin levels (even if it means snacking), and following a diet that is high in healthy proteins and low in fat, sugar (particularly sugar ingested just before bedtime), and starch. Supplements of L-glutamine, arginine, and ornithine may stimulate the body to make more HGH.
AKA: Growth hormone, HGH, Humatrope, somatotrophin (STH). Manufactured in the pituitary gland, it appears to be the main hormone associated with aging. It begins to decline about 14 percent each decade starting at about age 20, bringing about sagging skin, pot bellies, loss of vitality, and other symptoms of old age. It is used as a treatment for adults with deficiencies resulting from pituitary disease, hypothalmic disease, surgery, radiation therapy, and injury.
Effects: Higher energy levels, elevated mood, improved memory, enhanced sleep, increased muscle mass (up to 8.8 percent after six months), enhanced sexual performance, regrowth of vital organs, restoration of immune function, stronger bones, lower blood pressure, faster healing of wounds, smoother skin, regrowth of hair, sharper vision, and a reduction in fat (14.4 percent after six months). It may also extend the human life span.
Precautions: It should only be taken under the guidance of a physician, as side effects are still not known. Taking HGH when it is not needed may train the pituitary gland to release less and less of it. Some research does not confirm its supposed benefits; side effects may include carpal tunnel syndrome, hypertension, and gigantism. The use of synthetic growth hormone has been associated with heart disease and the production of antigrowth hormone antibodies. Human growth hormone may be expensive and difficult to obtain, and synthetic growth hormone has only 10 percent of the effectiveness of the natural form. Most animal growth hormone is virtually ineffective.
Dosage: Not yet established, but clinical trials have shown that a single daily dose of 25 mg raised the hormone to optimum levels for subjects aged 64 to 81. High levels can be maintained by aerobic exercise (especially if separated from eating and sleeping by at least two hours), maintaining ideal body weight, avoiding eating before exercise, eating foods that have a high arginine-tolysine ratio (e. g., peanuts, nuts, seeds, whole grains, carob, raisins), taking tryptophan supplements (banned since 1989 because some improperly manufactured supplements caused harm to some users), maintaining stable blood sugar and insulin levels (even if it means snacking), and following a diet that is high in healthy proteins and low in fat, sugar (particularly sugar ingested just before bedtime), and starch. Supplements of L-glutamine, arginine, and ornithine may stimulate the body to make more HGH.
MELATONIN
AKA: N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine. A master hormone secreted by the pineal gland that regulates a number of the body's functions and life cycles, including the onset of puberty; it is stimulated by darkness and suppressed by light. Production decreases with age when the pineal gland becomes worn out and calcified, which may explain why older people have insomnia. Some elderly people lose their ability to produce it altogether. Food sources: Oats, sweet corn, rice, ginger, tomatoes, bananas, barley, Japanese radish. Tryptophan, which can be converted by the body into melatonin, is found principally in spirulina, soy products, cottage cheese, chicken liver, pumpkin seeds, turkey, and chicken.
Effects: Regulates the body's clock, so it can be effectively used to treat insomnia, jet lag, and depression. Unlike sleeping pills, it doesn't interfere with REM sleep (the dream state), and leave the individual feeling groggy upon wakening, and it resets the body's clock rather than just knocking the person out. It is known to produce vivid dreams. It also works as a powerful antioxidant (as much as 500 times more powerful than DMSO), and is now being tested as a possible anticancer drug (it may inhibit some types of cancers, particularly those that are hormone-related — e.g., breast cancer, prostate cancer — when taken in doses of 40 mg a day or more). It has also been shown to boost the immune system, lower cholesterol, shrink the prostate, and lower heart rate and blood pressure. Researchers are looking into it as a possible treatment or cure for such things as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, AIDS, PMS, menopause, osteoporosis, Down's syndrome, and even as a birth control pill. Some suggest it may even delay the aging process, though it may not be able to reverse it (it has been shown to increase the longevity of lab rats an average of 20 percent), and it may ease some symptoms of autism, epilepsy and diabetes. Taking adequate amounts of vitamin B-3 can free up more tryptophan to be converted to melatonin. Vitamin B-6 can stimulate the body to produce more melatonin, as the body uses it to convert tryptophan into serotonin, which can then be converted to melatonin. Taking calcium and magnesium at night may also benefit melatonin production.
Precautions: It should not be taken by women who are pregnant, nursing, or trying to get pregnant, as it interferes with sex hormones; healthy children, as they produce enough on their own; those with severe mental illness, as it could worsen the symptoms; those taking steroid drugs such as cortisone and dexamethasone, as it could reduce their effectiveness; and those with overactive immune system abnormalities, including lymphoma, leukemia, allergies, and autoimmune diseases such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and lupus, as it could worsen these conditions. It appears to be nontoxic, though much research still needs to be done, and harmful side effects may yet be uncovered. Most studies have been done on rats, which do not produce their own melatonin. Side effects may include depression, diarrhea, headaches, insomnia, nightmares, grogginess or fuzzy thinking upon arising from sleep, and a reduced sex drive. Taking it at the wrong time could cause problems, such as falling asleep at the wheel of a car; taking too much (more than 0.3 mg) in efforts to fall asleep could result in a melatonin hangover the next day. Paradoxically, women who take it for birth control do not get sleepy; why this happens is not known. When taken counter to the body's normal circadian rhythm (e.g., by those working night shifts), it can have negative effects on memory and cognitive processing. Optimum dosage has not yet been determined, and long-term effects are still not known. There may be a risk of contamination from viruses in the natural form, made from animals, as opposed to the synthetic form; on the other hand, most synthetic forms are manufactured outside the U.S., leaving open the question of quality control. Apart from this, natural and synthetic forms are identical. Melatonin is only effective as a sedative if the pineal gland's production is low; otherwise, doses as high as 75 to 150 mg will have no effect. It should not be used to treat insomnia, as there are numerous causes that result in a loss of sleep, and melatonin may not be effective in countering them. One study has shown that it can worsen clinical depression in some cases, and in nondepression cases can cause fatigue, confusion, and sleepiness. Some medications, especially hypertension medicines, can interfere or react with melatonin. The production of melatonin can also be inhibited by exposure to electromagnetic fields, lack of sunlight during waking hours, lack of darkness during sleep (caused even by such seemingly innocuous offenders as night lights), aspirin (which can cut production by 75 percent), alcohol, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, sedatives (such as Prozac, Valium, and Xanax), steroids, fluvoxamine (Luvox), desipramine (Norpramin, Pertofrane), most MAO inhibitors, caffeine (including coffee, green tea, colas, and chocolate), tobacco, doses of B-12 above 3000 meg, ibuprofen, sleeping pills, tranquilizers, and indomethacin (which can completely block the nighttime increase of melatonin). Smoking one joint of marijuana, on the other hand, can increase melatonin levels in the body 4000 percent. The sale of melatonin is banned in Canada, France, and Britain.
Dosage: Levels produced by the body are measured in picograms (trillionths of a gram), averaging around 10 pg per milliliter of blood per day and 50 to 150 pg per milliliter at night. Melatonin output in the body can be improved by eating the foods mentioned above; getting enough niacin, B-6, calcium, and magnesium; meditation, prayer, and other relaxation techniques; and smoking marijuana. Sublingual supplements allow the melatonin to reach the brain quicker, but a time-release supplement at bedtime is probably best, as it most mimics natural conditions. Researchers recommend taking only 0.5 to 5 mg a day one-half to one hour before bedtime, though some studies have shown that as little as 0.1 mg (equal in amount to a few grains of salt) can enhance sleep. Most pills are 2.5 to 3 mg, which, according to Dr. Russel J. Reiter, professor of neuroendocrinology at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, may be "overkill," though probably not harmful. Women taking up to 75 mg a day for birth control research have shown no apparent side effects. Reiter himself takes less than 1 mg/day, and Ray Sahelian, M.D., does not recommend its use more than once or twice a week. On the other hand, Crook and Adderly advise its use only for combating jet lag, and Alan Gaby, M.D., who publishes the newsletter Nutrition and Healing, states, "We do not at this time believe that melatonin should be a routine part of the average nutritionalsupplement program." Reiter recommends an alternative program of 100 mg of B-3, 1000 mg of calcium, and 500 mg of magnesium at night, plus 25 to 50 mg of B-6 early in the morning, to assist the body's own production of melatonin.
AKA: N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine. A master hormone secreted by the pineal gland that regulates a number of the body's functions and life cycles, including the onset of puberty; it is stimulated by darkness and suppressed by light. Production decreases with age when the pineal gland becomes worn out and calcified, which may explain why older people have insomnia. Some elderly people lose their ability to produce it altogether. Food sources: Oats, sweet corn, rice, ginger, tomatoes, bananas, barley, Japanese radish. Tryptophan, which can be converted by the body into melatonin, is found principally in spirulina, soy products, cottage cheese, chicken liver, pumpkin seeds, turkey, and chicken.
Effects: Regulates the body's clock, so it can be effectively used to treat insomnia, jet lag, and depression. Unlike sleeping pills, it doesn't interfere with REM sleep (the dream state), and leave the individual feeling groggy upon wakening, and it resets the body's clock rather than just knocking the person out. It is known to produce vivid dreams. It also works as a powerful antioxidant (as much as 500 times more powerful than DMSO), and is now being tested as a possible anticancer drug (it may inhibit some types of cancers, particularly those that are hormone-related — e.g., breast cancer, prostate cancer — when taken in doses of 40 mg a day or more). It has also been shown to boost the immune system, lower cholesterol, shrink the prostate, and lower heart rate and blood pressure. Researchers are looking into it as a possible treatment or cure for such things as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, AIDS, PMS, menopause, osteoporosis, Down's syndrome, and even as a birth control pill. Some suggest it may even delay the aging process, though it may not be able to reverse it (it has been shown to increase the longevity of lab rats an average of 20 percent), and it may ease some symptoms of autism, epilepsy and diabetes. Taking adequate amounts of vitamin B-3 can free up more tryptophan to be converted to melatonin. Vitamin B-6 can stimulate the body to produce more melatonin, as the body uses it to convert tryptophan into serotonin, which can then be converted to melatonin. Taking calcium and magnesium at night may also benefit melatonin production.
Precautions: It should not be taken by women who are pregnant, nursing, or trying to get pregnant, as it interferes with sex hormones; healthy children, as they produce enough on their own; those with severe mental illness, as it could worsen the symptoms; those taking steroid drugs such as cortisone and dexamethasone, as it could reduce their effectiveness; and those with overactive immune system abnormalities, including lymphoma, leukemia, allergies, and autoimmune diseases such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and lupus, as it could worsen these conditions. It appears to be nontoxic, though much research still needs to be done, and harmful side effects may yet be uncovered. Most studies have been done on rats, which do not produce their own melatonin. Side effects may include depression, diarrhea, headaches, insomnia, nightmares, grogginess or fuzzy thinking upon arising from sleep, and a reduced sex drive. Taking it at the wrong time could cause problems, such as falling asleep at the wheel of a car; taking too much (more than 0.3 mg) in efforts to fall asleep could result in a melatonin hangover the next day. Paradoxically, women who take it for birth control do not get sleepy; why this happens is not known. When taken counter to the body's normal circadian rhythm (e.g., by those working night shifts), it can have negative effects on memory and cognitive processing. Optimum dosage has not yet been determined, and long-term effects are still not known. There may be a risk of contamination from viruses in the natural form, made from animals, as opposed to the synthetic form; on the other hand, most synthetic forms are manufactured outside the U.S., leaving open the question of quality control. Apart from this, natural and synthetic forms are identical. Melatonin is only effective as a sedative if the pineal gland's production is low; otherwise, doses as high as 75 to 150 mg will have no effect. It should not be used to treat insomnia, as there are numerous causes that result in a loss of sleep, and melatonin may not be effective in countering them. One study has shown that it can worsen clinical depression in some cases, and in nondepression cases can cause fatigue, confusion, and sleepiness. Some medications, especially hypertension medicines, can interfere or react with melatonin. The production of melatonin can also be inhibited by exposure to electromagnetic fields, lack of sunlight during waking hours, lack of darkness during sleep (caused even by such seemingly innocuous offenders as night lights), aspirin (which can cut production by 75 percent), alcohol, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, sedatives (such as Prozac, Valium, and Xanax), steroids, fluvoxamine (Luvox), desipramine (Norpramin, Pertofrane), most MAO inhibitors, caffeine (including coffee, green tea, colas, and chocolate), tobacco, doses of B-12 above 3000 meg, ibuprofen, sleeping pills, tranquilizers, and indomethacin (which can completely block the nighttime increase of melatonin). Smoking one joint of marijuana, on the other hand, can increase melatonin levels in the body 4000 percent. The sale of melatonin is banned in Canada, France, and Britain.
Dosage: Levels produced by the body are measured in picograms (trillionths of a gram), averaging around 10 pg per milliliter of blood per day and 50 to 150 pg per milliliter at night. Melatonin output in the body can be improved by eating the foods mentioned above; getting enough niacin, B-6, calcium, and magnesium; meditation, prayer, and other relaxation techniques; and smoking marijuana. Sublingual supplements allow the melatonin to reach the brain quicker, but a time-release supplement at bedtime is probably best, as it most mimics natural conditions. Researchers recommend taking only 0.5 to 5 mg a day one-half to one hour before bedtime, though some studies have shown that as little as 0.1 mg (equal in amount to a few grains of salt) can enhance sleep. Most pills are 2.5 to 3 mg, which, according to Dr. Russel J. Reiter, professor of neuroendocrinology at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, may be "overkill," though probably not harmful. Women taking up to 75 mg a day for birth control research have shown no apparent side effects. Reiter himself takes less than 1 mg/day, and Ray Sahelian, M.D., does not recommend its use more than once or twice a week. On the other hand, Crook and Adderly advise its use only for combating jet lag, and Alan Gaby, M.D., who publishes the newsletter Nutrition and Healing, states, "We do not at this time believe that melatonin should be a routine part of the average nutritionalsupplement program." Reiter recommends an alternative program of 100 mg of B-3, 1000 mg of calcium, and 500 mg of magnesium at night, plus 25 to 50 mg of B-6 early in the morning, to assist the body's own production of melatonin.
NADH
AKA: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
Effects: Provides needed energy to brain cells for neurotransmitter production and information processing. Taking it may improve the performance of brain cells and stimulate them to produce the cognitive-enhancing neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin. As a person ages, the level of NADH decreases.
AKA: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
Effects: Provides needed energy to brain cells for neurotransmitter production and information processing. Taking it may improve the performance of brain cells and stimulate them to produce the cognitive-enhancing neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin. As a person ages, the level of NADH decreases.
NEUROPEPTIDE Y
A neuropeptide currently under study for its brain-boosting effects.
Effects: Stimulates the appetite. Studies with rats and mice indicate that overproduction of this substance in the brain may lead to sensitivity to the sedative effects of alcohol and, consequently, less consumption of alcohol.
Precautions: The above studies also indicate that a deficiency may lead to decreased sensitivity to alcohol and, possibly, greater alcohol consumption.
A neuropeptide currently under study for its brain-boosting effects.
Effects: Stimulates the appetite. Studies with rats and mice indicate that overproduction of this substance in the brain may lead to sensitivity to the sedative effects of alcohol and, consequently, less consumption of alcohol.
Precautions: The above studies also indicate that a deficiency may lead to decreased sensitivity to alcohol and, possibly, greater alcohol consumption.
PREGNENOLONE
A hormone formed from cholesterol in various organs of the body, including the adrenal glands, liver, skin, the sexual organs, and the brain. The body can use it as it is, convert it into progesterone, or convert it into DHEA and then to over 150 steroid hormones, including androgens and estrogen. Levels in the body decline with age.
Effects: May improve mental ability, memory, visual and auditory perception, alertness, awareness, and mood by facilitating the transmission of impulses between neurons. It also relieves the symptoms of PMS in women and prevents arthritis (it was first developed in the 1930s as an arthritis medication). Animal experiments suggest that it can extend life span, resist cancer, and prevent obesity.
Precautions: Too high a dose can result in irritability, anxiety, headaches, insomnia, and aggressiveness.
Dosage: Ray Sahelian, M.D., recommends starting out with 10 mg/day, then increasing the dosage every few days until positive effects are felt, then cutting back to 2 to 5 mg/day with occasional periods of nonuse, because it accumulates in the body. He also recommends that it be taken only under the guidance of a physician, and maintains that it is not needed by healthy people under 40. It is available in a variety of forms — pill, capsule, sublingual tablet, cream, micronized pill, liquid, and spray —with pill dosages in the 10 to 50 mg range.
A hormone formed from cholesterol in various organs of the body, including the adrenal glands, liver, skin, the sexual organs, and the brain. The body can use it as it is, convert it into progesterone, or convert it into DHEA and then to over 150 steroid hormones, including androgens and estrogen. Levels in the body decline with age.
Effects: May improve mental ability, memory, visual and auditory perception, alertness, awareness, and mood by facilitating the transmission of impulses between neurons. It also relieves the symptoms of PMS in women and prevents arthritis (it was first developed in the 1930s as an arthritis medication). Animal experiments suggest that it can extend life span, resist cancer, and prevent obesity.
Precautions: Too high a dose can result in irritability, anxiety, headaches, insomnia, and aggressiveness.
Dosage: Ray Sahelian, M.D., recommends starting out with 10 mg/day, then increasing the dosage every few days until positive effects are felt, then cutting back to 2 to 5 mg/day with occasional periods of nonuse, because it accumulates in the body. He also recommends that it be taken only under the guidance of a physician, and maintains that it is not needed by healthy people under 40. It is available in a variety of forms — pill, capsule, sublingual tablet, cream, micronized pill, liquid, and spray —with pill dosages in the 10 to 50 mg range.
SEROTONIN
Food Sources: Complex carbohydrates (whole grains), fruit (eaten in place of sugary snacks), and plenty of vegetables will help maintain stable serotonin levels, as will regular exercise. Though foods may contain some serotonin, very little of it is biologically available; however, the body can manufacture it from tryptophan or 5-HTP in foods and supplements.
Effects: Serotonin has some of the most important functions in the brain and body. It is important in regulating mood and behavior and, among other things, it can regulate platelets (which help blood coagulate), the ability of blood vessels to expand and contract, the ability of smooth muscles to contract (including abdominal muscles, which push food through the digestive system), and the effects of other neurotransmitters.
Precautions: It cannot pass through the blood/brain barrier. The ability of carbohydrates to raise serotonin may be negated by just 5 percent protein in a meal. Disruption in serotonin levels can result in any number of psychological disorders, including mania, depression and suicide fixation, aggression, impulsiveness, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating and sleeping disorders, and possibly schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Serotonin imbalances may also contribute to the onset of headaches, migraines, and certain cardiovascular conditions such as Raynaud's disease and hypertension. Those with low serotonin levels tend to binge on fatty or sugary foods, though this type of bingeing does not necessarily indicate a serotonin deficiency.
Food Sources: Complex carbohydrates (whole grains), fruit (eaten in place of sugary snacks), and plenty of vegetables will help maintain stable serotonin levels, as will regular exercise. Though foods may contain some serotonin, very little of it is biologically available; however, the body can manufacture it from tryptophan or 5-HTP in foods and supplements.
Effects: Serotonin has some of the most important functions in the brain and body. It is important in regulating mood and behavior and, among other things, it can regulate platelets (which help blood coagulate), the ability of blood vessels to expand and contract, the ability of smooth muscles to contract (including abdominal muscles, which push food through the digestive system), and the effects of other neurotransmitters.
Precautions: It cannot pass through the blood/brain barrier. The ability of carbohydrates to raise serotonin may be negated by just 5 percent protein in a meal. Disruption in serotonin levels can result in any number of psychological disorders, including mania, depression and suicide fixation, aggression, impulsiveness, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating and sleeping disorders, and possibly schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Serotonin imbalances may also contribute to the onset of headaches, migraines, and certain cardiovascular conditions such as Raynaud's disease and hypertension. Those with low serotonin levels tend to binge on fatty or sugary foods, though this type of bingeing does not necessarily indicate a serotonin deficiency.
7-KETO
The hormone 7-keto is metabolized from DHEA.
Effects: Believed to be identical to DHEA, but without the side effects from metabolization.
The hormone 7-keto is metabolized from DHEA.
Effects: Believed to be identical to DHEA, but without the side effects from metabolization.
THYROID HORMONES
AKA: Cytomel, Dextrothyroxine, Eltroxin, Euthroid, Levoid, Levothroid, Levothyroxine, Levoxyl, Liotrix, Liothyronine, Proloid, Synthroid, Thyroglobulin, Thyroid, Thyrolar, Thyroxine.
Effects: A class of drugs that mimic the hormone produced in the thyroid gland. Subclinical hypothyroidism, or a slightly underfunctioning thyroid, can be one reason for poor concentration, mental confusion, and memory disturbances . The condition is also characterized by such symptoms as cold hands and feet, menstrual problems, dry skin, thin hair, and low energy levels. It is littleknown and often overlooked by doctors.
Precautions: Any thyroid drugs should be taken only under the guidance of a physician. Common symptoms include tremors, headaches, irritability, insomnia, changes in appetite, diarrhea, leg cramps, menstrual irregularities, fever, heat sensitivity, unusual swelling, weight loss, and nervousness. Less frequent symptoms include hives, rash, vomiting, chest pain, heartbeat irregularities, and shortness of breath. Overdose symptoms, which can be life-threatening, consist of a "hot" feeling, heart palpitations, nervousness, sweating, hand tremors, insomnia, rapid and irregular pulse, headaches, irritability, diarrhea, weight loss, muscle cramps, angina, and congestive heart failure. Thyroid hormones should not be taken by anyone who has had a heart attack within the past six weeks or for any reason other than a thyroid deficiency. Those who have heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, Addison's disease, who have had adrenal gland deficiency, or who use epinephrine, ephedrine, or isoproterenol for asthma should consult a physician first. Its effect can be inhibited by cholestyramine, colestipol, oral contraceptives, estrogens, and phenytoin, and enhanced by large continuous doses of aspirin. In combination, it can enhance the effects of amphetamines, oral anticoagulants, tricyclic antidepressants, oral antidiabetics or insulin, ephedrine, epinephrine, and methylphenidate, and diminish the effects of barbiturates, betaadrenergic blocking agents, cortisone drugs, and digitalis medications. It can also interact with sympathomimetics, possibly causing a rapid or irregular heartbeat. Combining it with cocaine can result in excessive stimulation.
AKA: Cytomel, Dextrothyroxine, Eltroxin, Euthroid, Levoid, Levothroid, Levothyroxine, Levoxyl, Liotrix, Liothyronine, Proloid, Synthroid, Thyroglobulin, Thyroid, Thyrolar, Thyroxine.
Effects: A class of drugs that mimic the hormone produced in the thyroid gland. Subclinical hypothyroidism, or a slightly underfunctioning thyroid, can be one reason for poor concentration, mental confusion, and memory disturbances . The condition is also characterized by such symptoms as cold hands and feet, menstrual problems, dry skin, thin hair, and low energy levels. It is littleknown and often overlooked by doctors.
Precautions: Any thyroid drugs should be taken only under the guidance of a physician. Common symptoms include tremors, headaches, irritability, insomnia, changes in appetite, diarrhea, leg cramps, menstrual irregularities, fever, heat sensitivity, unusual swelling, weight loss, and nervousness. Less frequent symptoms include hives, rash, vomiting, chest pain, heartbeat irregularities, and shortness of breath. Overdose symptoms, which can be life-threatening, consist of a "hot" feeling, heart palpitations, nervousness, sweating, hand tremors, insomnia, rapid and irregular pulse, headaches, irritability, diarrhea, weight loss, muscle cramps, angina, and congestive heart failure. Thyroid hormones should not be taken by anyone who has had a heart attack within the past six weeks or for any reason other than a thyroid deficiency. Those who have heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, Addison's disease, who have had adrenal gland deficiency, or who use epinephrine, ephedrine, or isoproterenol for asthma should consult a physician first. Its effect can be inhibited by cholestyramine, colestipol, oral contraceptives, estrogens, and phenytoin, and enhanced by large continuous doses of aspirin. In combination, it can enhance the effects of amphetamines, oral anticoagulants, tricyclic antidepressants, oral antidiabetics or insulin, ephedrine, epinephrine, and methylphenidate, and diminish the effects of barbiturates, betaadrenergic blocking agents, cortisone drugs, and digitalis medications. It can also interact with sympathomimetics, possibly causing a rapid or irregular heartbeat. Combining it with cocaine can result in excessive stimulation.
THYROTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE
AKA: TRH.
A neuropeptide which, along with its analogs, is currently under study for its brain-boosting effects.
A neuropeptide which, along with its analogs, is currently under study for its brain-boosting effects.
VASOPRESSIN
AKA: ADH, Adiuretin SD, antidiuretic hormone, arginine-vasopressin, argipressin, AVP, DAY Ritter, DDAVP, Desmopressin, Desmospray, Diapid, L-desamino-8-D-arginine, LVP, lypressin, lysinevasopressin, Minirin, Postacton, rinderpressin, Syntopressin. A hormone and natural brain peptide secreted by the pituitary gland that has antidiuretic properties. Vasopressin is released by experiences of great trauma or intense arousal (which may be one reason why such emotional moments have such a strong impression and can be remembered with vividness long afterwards); stimulant drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine, LSD, and Ritalin (metahylphenidate) also release large amounts, and habitual use of these drugs depletes the brain's supply of this hormone. Conversely, depressant drugs such as alcohol and marijuana suppress the secretion, which may be why users frequently do not remember events when drunk or stoned. Diapid is the synthetic version, and it is only available as a nasal spray, which is prescribed for diabetes insipidus and memory loss resulting from aging, Alzheimer's, amnesia, Korsakoff's syndrome, and senile dementia. Arginine-vasopressin (argipressin) and lysine-vasopressin (lypressin) are forms of vasopressin that have an additional amino acid; their effects are basically the same.
Effects: Increases theta wave activity in the brain which, in turn, increases attention span, concentration, memory, short- and long-term recall, recognition, retention, and creativity. It may prove helpful in retaining new information (e.g., a language or new field of study), as it helps imprint this information in the brain. It has been shown to restore memory lost as a result of aging, traumatically-induced amnesia (caused by physical injury to the brain), and possibly chemically and electrically-induced amnesia, as well. It can counteract the effects of the drugs mentioned above. It may even have antidepressant qualities, and reports claim it intensifies orgasms.
Precautions: It may create symptoms of toxicity when taken alone; these may be alleviated when taken in combination with Aldosterone. It is recommended that those with cardiovascular problems (particularly hypertension and angina pectoris) should not use vasopressin, as it narrows the blood vessels. Some say that angina patients will experience heart pain; Pearson and Shaw discourage use in such cases. It should also be avoided by those with kidney disease and epilepsy. For others, it occasionally results in nasal congestion, runny nose, itching or irritation of nasal passages, nasal ulcerations, abdominal cramps, heartburn, nausea, headaches, and more frequent bowel movements. Vasopressin should be snorted into the upper nasal cavities, as inhaling it deep into the lungs may trigger spasms of the larynx and shortness of breath. Excessive use of the drug should not be combined with excess water consumption, as it could lead to a rare condition called water intoxication.
Dosage: A total dose of 12 to 16 units/day from a nasal spray bottle (one whiff, or approximately 2 U. S.P. [United States Pharmacopeia] Posterior Pituitary Units, in each nostril three to four times a day) will improve memory, according to most studies. It works extremely fast, as it is absorbed into the mucous membranes of the nose and taken directly into the brain, and improvements may be noticed within seconds.
AKA: ADH, Adiuretin SD, antidiuretic hormone, arginine-vasopressin, argipressin, AVP, DAY Ritter, DDAVP, Desmopressin, Desmospray, Diapid, L-desamino-8-D-arginine, LVP, lypressin, lysinevasopressin, Minirin, Postacton, rinderpressin, Syntopressin. A hormone and natural brain peptide secreted by the pituitary gland that has antidiuretic properties. Vasopressin is released by experiences of great trauma or intense arousal (which may be one reason why such emotional moments have such a strong impression and can be remembered with vividness long afterwards); stimulant drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine, LSD, and Ritalin (metahylphenidate) also release large amounts, and habitual use of these drugs depletes the brain's supply of this hormone. Conversely, depressant drugs such as alcohol and marijuana suppress the secretion, which may be why users frequently do not remember events when drunk or stoned. Diapid is the synthetic version, and it is only available as a nasal spray, which is prescribed for diabetes insipidus and memory loss resulting from aging, Alzheimer's, amnesia, Korsakoff's syndrome, and senile dementia. Arginine-vasopressin (argipressin) and lysine-vasopressin (lypressin) are forms of vasopressin that have an additional amino acid; their effects are basically the same.
Effects: Increases theta wave activity in the brain which, in turn, increases attention span, concentration, memory, short- and long-term recall, recognition, retention, and creativity. It may prove helpful in retaining new information (e.g., a language or new field of study), as it helps imprint this information in the brain. It has been shown to restore memory lost as a result of aging, traumatically-induced amnesia (caused by physical injury to the brain), and possibly chemically and electrically-induced amnesia, as well. It can counteract the effects of the drugs mentioned above. It may even have antidepressant qualities, and reports claim it intensifies orgasms.
Precautions: It may create symptoms of toxicity when taken alone; these may be alleviated when taken in combination with Aldosterone. It is recommended that those with cardiovascular problems (particularly hypertension and angina pectoris) should not use vasopressin, as it narrows the blood vessels. Some say that angina patients will experience heart pain; Pearson and Shaw discourage use in such cases. It should also be avoided by those with kidney disease and epilepsy. For others, it occasionally results in nasal congestion, runny nose, itching or irritation of nasal passages, nasal ulcerations, abdominal cramps, heartburn, nausea, headaches, and more frequent bowel movements. Vasopressin should be snorted into the upper nasal cavities, as inhaling it deep into the lungs may trigger spasms of the larynx and shortness of breath. Excessive use of the drug should not be combined with excess water consumption, as it could lead to a rare condition called water intoxication.
Dosage: A total dose of 12 to 16 units/day from a nasal spray bottle (one whiff, or approximately 2 U. S.P. [United States Pharmacopeia] Posterior Pituitary Units, in each nostril three to four times a day) will improve memory, according to most studies. It works extremely fast, as it is absorbed into the mucous membranes of the nose and taken directly into the brain, and improvements may be noticed within seconds.
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ReplyDeleteCocaine withdrawal is one of the hardest things that an addict has to go through. If you don’t go to a program that has experience with treating people going through this, it can make the difference in your sobriety.
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ReplyDeleteHGH primarily tells our body what it has to do. It makes sure that our cells, bones and muscles carry on with regeneration at a good pace. When we are in our twenties, it still does the same job but a slower pace.
ReplyDeleteThe HGH has an anabolic effect on our body, that it enhances our body’s metabolism. However, when HGH levels drop, there is a marked difference in the form of appearance of wrinkles, weaker immunity, age spots, fatigue, reduced energy, change in sleeping pattern, etc.
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rickcancercure1954@gmail.com Thanks to you Dr. and Rick Simpson for all the
help that was rendered to me and my jewel family. Dr. in conjunction with
Rick Simpson Saved my family. Thanks, so many Thanks to you both, gratitude
is indeed in my heart. Thanks. Best Regards, Morgan
You must work with your doctor in determining the best treatment protocol for your case. Keep in mind that HGH replacement therapy is just one component of an effective heart disease management program, not the be-all and end-all of it.
ReplyDeleteYour doctor will provide recommendations about healthy eating habits and diet, sensible lifestyle habits, and moderate exercise program as well as the appropriate medications.